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In this chapter, we will learn about python Operators.
Operators are the Symbols which is used for mathematical or Logical operation.
Operators are the constructs, which can manipulate the value of operands.
Consider the expression 2 + 3 = 5. Here, 2 and 3 are called operands and + is called the operator.
There are following types of Operator
Arithmetic operators are used with numeric values to perform common mathematical operations:
|
Operator |
Name |
Example |
|
+ |
Addition |
a + b |
|
- |
Subtraction |
a - b |
|
* |
Multiplication |
a * b |
|
/ |
Division |
a / b |
|
% |
Modulus |
a - b |
|
** |
Exponentiation |
a ** b |
|
// |
Floor Division |
a // b |
Assignment operators are used to assign values to variables:
|
Operator |
Example |
Same As |
|
= |
a=5 |
a=5 |
|
+= |
a += 3 |
a = a + 3 |
|
-= |
a -= 3 |
a = a - 3 |
|
*= |
a *= 3 |
a = a * 3 |
|
/= |
a /= 3 |
a = a / 3 |
|
%= |
a %= 3 |
a = x % 3 |
|
//= |
a //= 3 |
a = a // 3 |
|
**= |
a **= 3 |
a = a ** 3 |
|
&= |
a &= 3 |
a = a & 3 |
|
|= |
a |= 3 |
a = a | 3 |
|
^= |
a ^= 3 |
a = a ^ 3 |
|
>>= |
a >>= 3 |
a = a >> 3 |
|
<<= |
a <<= 3 |
a = a << 3 |
Comparison operators are used to compare two values:
|
Operator |
Name |
Example |
|
== |
Equal |
a == b |
|
!= |
Not Equal |
a != b |
|
> |
Greater than |
a > b |
|
< |
Less Than |
a < b |
|
>= |
Greater Than or Equal To |
a >= b |
|
<= |
Less Than or Equal To |
a <= b |
Logical operators are used to combine conditional statements:
|
Operator |
Description |
Example |
|
and |
Returns True if both statements are true |
a < 5 and a < 10 |
|
or |
Returns True if one of the statements is true |
a < 5 or a < 4 |
|
not |
Reverse the result, returns False if the result is true |
not(a < 5 and a < 10) |
Identity operators are used to compare the objects, not if they are equal, but if they are actually the same object, with the same memory location:
|
Operator |
Description |
Example |
|
is |
Returns True if both variables are the same object |
a is b |
|
is not |
Returns True if both variables are not the same object |
a is not b |
Membership operators are used to test if a sequence is presented in an object:
|
Operator |
Description |
Example |
|
in |
Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is present in the object |
a in b |
|
not in |
Returns True if a sequence with the specified value is not present in the object |
a not in b |
Bitwise operators are used to compare (binary) numbers:
|
Operator |
Name |
Description |
|
& |
AND |
Sets each bit to 1 if both bits are 1 |
|
| |
OR |
Sets each bit to 1 if one of two bits is 1 |
|
^ |
XOR |
Sets each bit to 1 if only one of two bits is 1 |
|
~ |
NOT |
Inverts all the bits |
|
<< |
Zero fill left shift |
Shift left by pushing zeros in from the right and let the leftmost bits fall off |
|
>> |
Signed right shift |
Shift right by pushing copies of the leftmost bit in from the left, and let the rightmost bits fall off |
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